CIA vs United Nations

http://njcpatom.blogspot.com/2007/05/cia-vs-united-nations.html
Saturday, May 19, 2007

CIA vs United Nations
The name "United Nations", coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.The Charter was signed by 50 countries on June 26, 1945.PREAMBLE of the Charter of the United Nations"WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINEDto save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, andto reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, andto establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, andto promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,AND FOR THESE ENDSto practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, andto unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, andto ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, andto employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMSAccordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations."On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the full text of which appears in the following pages. Following this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and "to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without distinction based on the political status of countries or territories."PREAMBLEWhereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. According to the wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_AgencyThe Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States government. Its primary function is obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and persons, and reporting such information to the branches of the government. Its secondary function is propaganda or public relations, overt and covert information dissemination, both true and false, and influencing others to decide in favor of the U.S. government. The third function of the CIA is as the hidden hand of the federal government, by engaging in covert operations. This is done at the direction of the President, and with oversight by Congress.[5] This last function has caused much controversy for the CIA, raising questions about the legality, morality, effectiveness, and intelligence of such operations.Excerps from History in the same wikipedia definition.The Central Intelligence Agency was created by Congress with the National Security Act of 1947 and signed by President Harry S Truman.Despite opposition from the military establishment, the State Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)[8], In the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency, several disposed Nazi operational agents were recruited as U.S. secret agents.Added from wikipedia linksThe Central Intelligence Agency Act, Pub.L. 81-110, is a United States federal law enacted in 1949.The Act (also called "Public Law 110") permitted the Central Intelligence Agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures and exempting it from many of the usual limitations on the use of federal funds. The act also exempted the CIA from having to disclose its "organization, functions, officials, titles, salaries, or numbers of personnel employed." It also created a program called "PL-110" to handle defectors and other "essential aliens" outside normal immigration procedures, as well as give those persons cover stories and economic support.The act is codified at 50 U.S.C. § 403aBy 1949, the West German intelligence agency Bundesnachrichtendienst, under Reinhard Gehlen, was under the CIA's control.In 1950, the CIA organized the Pacific Corporation, the first of many CIA private enterprises. Director Hillenkoetter approved Project BLUEBIRD, the CIA's first mind control program. In 1951, the Columbia Broadcasting System began co-operating with the CIA; President Truman created the Office of Current Intelligence; Project BLUEBIRD was renamed Project ARTICHOKE.Director at time of JFK assassination ?John Alexander McCone (January 4, 1902 - February 14, 1991) was an American businessman and politician who served as Director of Central Intelligence during the height of the Cold War.McCone was born in San Francisco, California, and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1922 with a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering. A prominent industrialist, McCone also served for more than twenty years as a governmental advisor and official. Most importantly, he was chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (1958 - 1961) and Director of Central Intelligence (CIA) (1961 - 1965).He was a key player in John F. Kennedy's strong stand against the Soviet Union in the Cuban Missile Crisis, although he was the lone Republican on the National Security Council. In the Honeymoon telegram of September 20, 1962, he insisted that the CIA remain imaginative when it came to Soviet weapons policy towards Cuba, as a September 19 assessment had concluded it unlikely that nuclear missiles would be placed on the island. (The telegram was so named because McCone sent it while on his honeymoon in Paris, France, accompanied not only by his bride, but by a CIA cypher team as well.)McCone's suspicions of the inaccuracy of this assessment proved to be correct, as it was later found out the Soviet Union had followed up its conventional military build up with the installation of 3 megaton Nuclear Weapons, coupled with MRBM's (Medium Range Ballistic Missiles) and IRBM's (Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles), sparking off the crisis in October when they were later spotted by Lockheed U-2 Surveillance Flights.McCone resigned from his position of DCI in April 1965, correctly believing himself to be unappreciated by President Johnson. Upon his resignation, McCone submitted a final policy memorandum to Johnson arguing that Johnson's expansion of the war in Vietnam would arouse national and world discontent over the war before it brought down the North Vietnamese regime.Throughout his career, McCone served on numerous commissions that made recommendations on issues as diverse as civilian applications of military technology and the Watts riots.[1]------------Allen Welsh Dulles (April 7, 1893 – January 29, 1969) was the first civilian and the longest serving (1953-1961) Director of Central Intelligence (de-facto head of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency) and a member of the Warren Commission. Between stints of government service, Dulles was a corporate lawyer and partner at Sullivan & Cromwell.Dulles was the younger brother of John Foster Dulles, Eisenhower's Secretary of State and Chairman and Senior Partner of Sullivan & Cromwell, and the grandson of John W. Foster, another U.S. Secretary of State and brother to diplomat Eleanor Lansing Dulles. His uncle (by marriage) Robert Lansing also was a U.S. Secretary of State. His nephew, Avery Dulles, is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a Jesuit priest who teaches and resides at Fordham University in The Bronx, New York.Operation 40 was a CIA-sponsored undercover operation in the early 1960s, which was active in the Caribbean (including Cuba), Central America, and Mexico. Created by US President Eisenhower in March 1960 after the 1959 Cuban Revolution and presided by vice-president Richard M. Nixon, it included people such as Frank Sturgis (who would later become one of the Watergate burglars), Felix Rodriguez (a CIA agent who later hunted down Che Guevara), Luis Posada Carriles (now held in the US under illegal immigration charges, he is demanded by Venezuela for his key role in the execution of the 1976 Cubana Flight 455 bombing), Orlando Bosch (founder of the CORU counter-revolutionary organization, which organized Chilean former minister Orlando Letelier's murder in 1976), Rafael 'Chi Chi' Quintero, Virgilio Paz Romero, Pedro Luis Diaz Lanz, Bernard Barker, Porter Goss, Barry Seal,etc. Members took part in the April 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion directed against Fidel Castro's regime. Operation 40 had 86 employees in 1961, of which 37 were trained as case officersOn 4 March 1960, La Coubre, a ship flying a Belgian flag, exploded in Havana Bay. It was loaded with arms and ammunition that had been sent to Cuba's revolutionary Castro regime. A second bomb was set nearby and timed to go off later - to kill the volunteers attempting to rescue the (primarily civilian) victims of the first explosion. The explosions killed 75 people and over 200 were injured. Fabian Escalante, an officer of the Department of State Security (G-2), later claimed that this was the first successful act carried out by Operation 40.[citation needed] Operation 40 was not only involved in sabotage operations. One member, Frank Sturgis, allegedly told author Mike Canfield: "this assassination group (Operation 40) would upon orders, naturally, assassinate either members of the military or the political parties of the foreign country that you were going to infiltrate, and if necessary some of your own members who were suspected of being foreign agents... We were concentrating strictly in Cuba at that particular time." The group sought to incite civil war in Cuba against Castro. "In October 1960, they realize that this project has failed, and that is when Brigade 2506" was created, a CIA-sponsored group made up of 1,511 Cuban exiles who fought in the April 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion.The group played a major role in the Bay of Pigs invasion. "The first news that we have of Operation 40 is a statement made by a mercenary of the Bay of Pigs who was the chief of military intelligence of the invading brigade and whose name was Jose Raúl de Varona Gonzalez," writes Escalante. "In his statement this man said the following: in the month of March, 1961, around the seventh, Mr. Vicente Leon arrived at the base in Guatemala at the head of some 53 men saying that he had been sent by the office of Mr. Joaquin Sanjenis, Chief of Civilian Intelligence, with a mission he said was called Operation 40. It was a special group that didn't have anything to do with the brigade and which would go in the rearguard occupying towns and cities. His prime mission was to take over the files of intelligence agencies, public buildings, banks, industries, and capture the heads and leaders in all of the cities and interrogate them. Interrogate them in his own way”.In a 9 June 1961 memorandum to Richard Goodwin, historian and Kennedy advisor Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. wrote: "Sam Halper, who has been the [NY] Times correspondent in Havana and more recently in Miami, came to see me last week. He has excellent contracts among the Cuban exiles. ... Halper says that CIA set up something called Operation 40 under the direction of a man named (as he recalled) Captain Luis Sanjenis, who was also chief of intelligence. ... But the CIA agent in charge, a man known as Felix, trained the members of the group in methods of third degree interrogation, torture and general terrorism. The liberal Cuban exiles believe that the real purpose of Operation 40 was to 'kill Communists' and, after eliminating hard-core Fidelistas, to go on to eliminate first the followers of Ray, then the followers of Varona and finally to set up a right wing dictatorship, presumably under Artime. ... The exiles believe that all these things had CIA approval. ... Nice fellows."The CIA was initially confident that it was capable of overthrowing Castro, having experience assisting in the overthrow of other foreign governments such as the government of Iranian prime minister Mohammed Mossadegh in 1953 and Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in 1954. Richard Mervin Bissell Jr., one of Allen Dulles's three aides, was made director of "Operation Zapata."The original plan called for landing the exile brigade (Brigade 2506) in the vicinity of the old colonial city of Trinidad, Cuba, in the central province of Sancti Spiritus approximately 400 km southeast of Havana at the foothills of the Escambray mountains. The selection of the Trinidad site provided a number of options that the exile brigade could exploit during the invasion. The population of Trinidad was generally opposed to Castro and the rugged mountains outside the city provided an area into which the invasion force could retreat and establish a guerrilla campaign were the landing to falter. Throughout 1960, the growing ranks of Brigade 2506 trained at locations throughout southern Florida and in Guatemala for the beach landing and possible mountain retreat.On February 17, 1961, John F. Kennedy, the new U.S. president, asked his advisors whether the toppling of Castro might be related to weapon shipments and if it was possible to claim the real targets were modern fighter aircraft and rockets which endangered America's security. At the time, Cuba's army possessed Soviet tanks, artillery and small arms, and its air force consisted of B-26 medium bombers, Hawker Sea Furies (a fast and effective, though obsolete, propeller driven fighter-bomber) and T-33 jets left over from the Batista Air Force.[3]As Kennedy's plans evolved, critical details were changed that were to hamper chances of a successful mission without direct U.S. help. These revised details included changing the landing area for Brigade 2506 to two points in Matanzas Province, 202 km southeast of Havana on the eastern edge of the Zapata peninsula at the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs). The landings would now take place on the Girón and Playa de zapatos Larga beaches. This change effectively cut off contact with the rebels in the Escambray "War Against the Bandits". The Castro government also had been warned by senior KGB agents Osvaldo Sánchez Cabrera and "Aragon", who respectively died violently before and after the invasion. The U.S. government was aware that a high casualty rate was possible.[citation needed].McGeorge "Mac" Bundy (March 30, 1919–September 16, 1996) was United States National Security Advisor to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson from 1961–1966, and was president of the Ford Foundation from 1966–1979. He was also a member of the well-connected Skull and Bones secret society at Yale University.Stevenson was assaulted by an anti-United Nations protester in Dallas, Texas, one month before the assassination of Kennedy in that same city on November 22, 1963. That assault contributed to the viewpoint that Dallas was filled with right-wingers hostile to JFK.Everette Howard Hunt, Jr. (October 9, 1918 - January 23, 2007) was an American author and spy. He worked for the CIA and later the White House under President Richard Nixon. Hunt, with G. Gordon Liddy and others, was one of the White House's "plumbers" — a secret team of operatives charged with fixing "leaks". Information disclosures had proved an embarrassment to the Nixon administration when defense analyst Daniel Ellsberg sent a series of documents, which came to be known as the Pentagon Papers, to The New York Times.Hunt, along with Liddy, engineered the first Watergate burglary. In the ensuing Watergate Scandal, Hunt was convicted of burglary, conspiracy, and wiretapping, eventually serving 33 months in prisonE. Howard Hunt - Aside from the Fielding burglary there are scarce few other activities the Plumbers were known to have been engaged in. Hunt reportedly looked into the Ted Kennedy Chappaquiddick incident and Liddy investigated reported Kennedy administration involvement in the assassination of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem.7The CIA's near certainty that the Cuban people would rise up and join them was based on the agency's extremely weak presence on the ground in Cuba. Castro's counterintelligence, trained by Soviet Bloc specialists including Enrique Lister,[9] had infiltrated most resistance groups. Because of this, almost all the information that came from exiles and defectors was "contaminated." CIA operative E. Howard Hunt had interviewed Cubans in Havana prior to the invasion; in a future interview with CNN, he said, "...all I could find was a lot of enthusiasm for Fidel Castro."[21] Grayston Lynch among othersAn April 29, 2000 Washington Post article, "Soviets Knew Date of Cuba Attack", reported that the CIA had information indicating that the Soviet Union knew the invasion was going to take place and did not inform Kennedy. Radio Moscow actually broadcast an English-language newscast on April 13, 1961 predicting the invasion "in a plot hatched by the CIA" using paid "criminals" within a week. The invasion took place four days laterOn April 19 at least seven Cubans plus two US citizens Angus K. McNair and Howard F. Anderson are executed in Pinar del Rio Province.[28]. However, the general Cuban population was not well informed, except for CIA funded Radio Swan [29] Pirate radio in Central America and Caribbean Sea, since May of 1960 almost all means of public communication were in the government’s hands.[30]David Atlee Phillips (October 31, 1922-July 7, 1988) was a successful career Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer for 25 years, one of a handful of people to receive the coveted Career Intelligence Medal. In 1975 he founded the Association of Former Intelligence Officers (AFIO), an alumni association comprising intelligence officers from all services.Although much attacked at a time when many people called for the dismantlement of the CIA, Phillips toured the world to speak out in favor of the need for a strong intelligence community. Almost immediately thereafter he himself was accused by unconfirmed sources of being a participant in the Kennedy and Letelier assassinations.accusations against Phillips took advantage of the fact that he was the officer in charge of the CIA's Mexico City station when Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald visited the city.Some Kennedy assassination conspiracy theorists believe that Phillips occasionally went by the name "Maurice Bishop" (not to be confused with the former prime minister of Grenada, Maurice Bishop). He supposedly used this pseudonym while working with Alpha 66, an organization of anti-Castro Cubans. Alpha 66's founder, Antonio Veciana, claimed that during one of his meetings with "Bishop", Lee Harvey Oswald was also in attendance. HSCA investigator Gaeton Fonzi believed Phillips was Bishop. In the HSCA's report, it stated:"The committee suspected that Veciana was lying when he denied that the retired CIA officer was Bishop. The committee recognized that Veciana had an interest in renewing his anti-Castro operations that might have led him to protect the officer from exposure as Bishop so they could work together again. For his part, the retired officer aroused the committee's suspicion when he told the committee he did not recognize Veciana as the founder of Alpha 66, especially since the officer had once been deeply involved in Agency anti-Castro operations. Further, a former CIA case officer who was assigned from September 1960 to November 1962 to the JM/WAVE station in Miami told the committee that the retired officer had in fact used the alias, Maurice Bishop. The committee also interviewed a former assistant of the retired officer but he could not recall his former superior ever having used the name or having been referred to as Bishop." (HSCA Report, page 136, footnote 23) The report went on to dismiss Veciana's testimony:"In the absence of corroboration or independent substantiation, the committee could not, therefore, credit Veciana's story" (page 137) After his vindication Phillips wrote and lectured frequently on intelligence matters. He authored five books, including his CIA memoir "The Night Watch", "Careers in Secret Operations" and spy novel called "The Carlos Contract".Zapata Corporation is a holding company based in Rochester, New York. It traces its origins to Zapata Oil, founded in 1953 by George H. W. Bush (hereafter identified as George Bush), along with his business partners John Overbey, brothers Hugh Liedtke and Bill Liedtke, and Thomas J. Devine. Its primary historical interest may be its ties to the 41st President.Thomas J. Devine worked for the CIA, and was an oil-wildcatting associate of George H. W. Bush. Devine helped Bush found Zapata Offshore in 1953 and he was an unnofficial foreign affairs advisor to Representative Bush in the 1960s. He accompanied Bush on a trip to Vietnam from 26 December 1967-11 January 1968, for which he was issued an interim top-secret clearance by the US Department of Defense. [1] Devine's friendship and "close relationship" with Bush Sr. continued as Bush was first made US Ambassador to the United Nations (from 1971-1973), then nominated as Director of the CIA (November 1975).[2]Devine first left the CIA in 1953 to go into business. He later rejoined the CIA under non-official cover (NOC) status on 12 June 1963, as a covert commercial asset for Project WUBRINY/LPDICTUM.When Zapata Oil was sold, Devine joined the investment firm of Train, Cabot and Associates in New York City. He had no operational involvement in the CIA from 1968 through November 1975.[3]Gale Allen, the CIA's Director of Operations, wrote that Devine was the "most discreet and security conscious business contact" he had ever met.[4]Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Devine"Early Business History, 1953-1966Bush and Thomas J. Devine were oil-wildcatting associates. "Their joint activities culminated in the establishment of Zapata Oil."[2] The initial $1 million investment for Zapata was split by the Liedtkes (and their circle of investors) and by Bush's father and uncle, Prescott Bush and Herbert Walker (and his family circle of friends). Hugh Liedtke was named president, Bush was vice president; Overbey soon left. In 1954, Zapata Off-Shore Company was formed as a subsidiary, with Bush as president. (He raised some startup money from Eugene Meyer, publisher of the Washington Post, and his son-in-law, Phillip Graham).[1][2] Zapata Off-Shore accepted an offer from inventor R G LeTourneau for the development of a mobile but secure drilling rig. Zapata advanced him $400,000, refundable if the completed rig didn't work; if it did, he'd get an additional $550,000 plus 38,000 shares of Zapata Off-Shore common stock. Zapata split in 1959 into Zapata Petroleum (headed by the Liedtke's) and Zapata Off-Shore (headed by Bush, funded with $800,000).[3] Bush moved his offices and family that year from Midland, TX to Houston. Zapata Petroleum merged in 1963 with South Penn Oil and other companies to become Pennzoil.Zapata Off-Shore concentrated its business in the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Central American coast in the late 1950s and early 1960s, according to Nicolas King's George Bush: A Biography. The US government began to auction off mineral rights to these areas in 1954. Drilling contracts in 1958 with the seven large US oil producers included wells 40 miles north of Isabela, Cuba (131 miles south of Miami), near the island Cay Sal. (Fidel Castro overthrew Cuba's Batista government in July 1959.) Zapata also won a contract with Kuwait. Bush was joined in Zapata by a fellow Yale Skull and Bones member, Robert Gow, in 1962. Zapata Offshore had four oil-drilling rigs operational by 1963: Scorpion (1956), Vinegaroon (1957), Sidewinder, and (in the Persian Gulf) Nola III.By 1964, Zapata Off-Shore had a number of subsidiaries, including: Seacat-Zapata Offshore Company (Persia Gulf), Zapata de Mexico, Zapata International Corporation, Zapata Mining Corporation, Zavala Oil Company, Zapata Overseas Corporation, and a 41% share of Amata Gas Corporation.In 1960, Jorge Diaz Serrano of Mexico was put in touch with Bush by Dresser. They created a new company, Perforaciones Marinas del Golfo, aka Permargo, in conjunction with Edwin Pauley of Pan American Petroleum, with whom Zapata had a previous offshore contract. The deal with Pemargo is not mentioned in Zapata's annual reports. A Bush spokesman in 1988 claimed the deal only lasted seven months, from March to September 1960. Zapata sold Nola I to Pemargo in 1964.Bush ran for the US Senate in 1964 and lost; he continued as president of Zapata Off-Shore until 1966, when he sold his interest to his business partner, Robert Gow, and ran for US Congress. William Stamps Farish III, age 28, joined the board in 1966.Zapata's filing records with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are intact for the years 1955-1959, and again from 1967 onwards. But records for the years 1960-1966 are missing. "The records were inadvertently placed in a session file to be destroyed" by a federal warehouse explains SEC records officer Suzanne McHugh, noting that a total of 1,000 boxes were pulped in this procedure. The destruction of records occurred either in October 1983 (according to McHugh) or in 1981 shortly after Bush became Vice President of the United States (according to SEC record analyst Wison Carpenter).[edit] Alleged connections with the CIASeveral independent researchers have offered evidence suggesting that Zapata Off-Shore, and Bush in particular, cooperated with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) beginning in the late-1950s.[edit] FBI and CIA memosMemo from FBI Special Agent in TX, regarding call by "GHW Bush of Zapata Off-Shore Drilling Company" received 75 minutes after JFK's murder Memo from J. Edgar Hoover, referring to "Mr. George Bush of the CIA", briefed 24 hours after JFK's murderTwo Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) memos have been offered to show connections between the CIA and George Bush during his time at Zapata. The first memo names Zapata Off-Shore and was written by FBI Special Agent Graham Kitchel on 22 November 1963, regarding the John F. Kennedy assassination at 12:30 p.m. CST that day. It begins: "At 1:45 p.m. Mr. GEORGE H. W. BUSH, President of the Zapata Off-Shore Drilling Company, Houston, Texas, residence 5525 Briar, Houston, telephonically furnished the following information to writer. .. BUSH stated that he wanted to be kept confidential. .. was proceeding to Dallas, Texas, would remain in the Sheraton-Dallas Hotel."Memo from FBI Special Agent Graham Kitchel to the FBI's Houston bureau, dated 22 November 1963, advising of a tip received from "Mr. GEORGE H. W. BUSH, President of the Zapata Off-Shore Drilling Company," regarding the assassination of President Kennedy 75 minutes earlier. Obtained from US National Security Archives.
Posted by NJcpaTOM at 12:53 PM

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